Update: Telecom & Network Cryptocurrencies, Tokens & ICOs

Introduction

Back in August I wrote a post on blockchain-based ICOs and tokens/coins for the telecoms space (link). Quite a lot has happened since then - including a huge boom in Bitcoin and "AltCoin" valuations and public awareness - so I thought an update was useful. 

In a nutshell - there's a growing number of telecom/networking "coins" available, with a wide variety of concepts, team backgrounds and business models. Some are very interesting, but some others are... let's say, "ambitious".  And a few look like utter nonsense, seemingly lacking understanding of the relevant technology or marketplace dynamics. It's possible there's a couple of outright scams as well.

I'm not making recommendations, or giving warnings, about specific tokens here. But in the spirit of "caveat emptor", I also give a list of cautions and possible problems, that investors should think about, or ask the various currencies' teams. Telecoms is a lot more complex than many people think - especially  the "behind the scenes" bits of technology.

 
Note: If you've found this post via an ICO/cryptocurrency site, an introduction: I'm primarily a mobile and telecoms analyst. I advise on technology and business-model trends for networks and communications, eg 5G, IoT systems, Wi-Fi, voice & video & UC, regulatory policy, the future role of carriers/CSPs, and the impact of "futures" innovations like AI / ML, blockchains (public & private), quantum computing and drones on telecoms. Most of my clients are telcos or network equipment/software vendors. I'm not a fintech, crypto or blockchain generalist - I look at blockchains & tokens where they intersect with the telecom world. Please get in touch if you are interested in my research & advisory work, or if you are looking for a keynote speaker or moderator.


What's been happening with telecom cryptocurrencies?

I'm not going to repeat my previous posts on ICOs, tokens and the wider telecom blockchain space. You can read blog posts here and here, or download a full white paper I wrote for Juniper Networks, here and listen to an associated webinar here.

The second half of 2017 saw continued emphasis on private blockchain use-cases for telecoms and networks, although despite a few high-ish profile initiatives and press releases, there's not much in the "real world" yet besides pilots. I've been doing some interesting consulting work in this area, though - 2018 should throw up a lot more news.

But there has been far more noise - albeit often superficial - about public blockchain and token technologies. Few major telcos have (publicly) announced involvement, but there's growing attention from the type of smaller, competitive types of service provider. Think tier 2/3 MVNOs, travel-SIM providers, VoIP companies, messenger & mobile advertising providers and so on, rather than big carriers. [Telenor is working with a content-oriented token provider - link]

Obviously, that fits against a wider background of interest and investment in cryptocurrencies. Whether we're witnessing the birth of a new financial/transactional system, or a possible bubble, I'll leave for others to debate. To me, it looks a bit like 1995 - lots of innovative web companies, but also a lot of ridiculous concepts, with valuations to match. Which are the Amazons of the future - or the Altavistas, or the pets.com's - I'll leave to others to work out.

There has also been a corresponding rise in regulatory concern, and growing focus on so-called "utility tokens", where in theory a given coin isn't just a store of value or a payment mechanism, but has some underlying property that makes it of broader use to consumers or businesses. Typically this means that some other capability can be "tokenised" - which could be anything from property to an artist's work, and used within that business activity. 

Incidentally - one interesting comms-related trend that's appeared recently is the use of Telegram* (and some other group-messaging apps) as a mobile-friendly and anonymous/encrypted discussion & announcement forum for cryptocurrency teams. Many of the tokens use Telegram as an addition to public (often spam-infested) chat on Twitter, and private internal Slack channels, plus assorted blogging and forum tools. I haven't seen any with an RCS messenger link, obviously.

*EDIT: Telegram has just announced its *own* ICO plans, literally hours after I posted this. Details here (link)


What telecoms/networking tokens are available?

A growing number of tokens relate to things which look "telecoms-like" - whether that's data connectivity provided via cellular or WiFi, SMS or instant-messenger functions, voice-call minutes, SIM identities or something else similar. 

Some are trying to resell existing users' quotas or attention or connectivity, while others are trying to build new hardware platforms. Some are trying to create meshes or secure peer-to-peer connectivity, while others are looking to be wholesale marketplaces for service providers to offer smart-contracts to consumers (or other SPs).

(There's also another huge set of tokens for IoT-related functions and applications, but I'll consider those another time). 

Note: I'm using token, coin, cryptocurrency, altcoin etc interchangeably. Various people will assert differences vigorously, but it's not something that is relevant here.

Note 2: This is being written on 7th January 2018, so dates / funding & issuance status are accurate as of today, but obviously changing at a rapid pace.

Note 3: I am NOT making any recommendations by mentions here. Various ICOs and tokens have been of questionable quality, valuations are volatile & sometimes ridiculous, and some are rumoured to be outright scams. Be extremely careful.

Note 4: I've probably missed some out. Get in touch if you want to tell me about your telecom/network coin, or give me a detailed briefing on the ones below.

• Airfox, Airtoken $AIR (link): Attempts to draw a link between mobile prepay credits, advertising, user-data and potentially micro-loans in future. It extends the current model of gifting or sending "recharges" to many international mobile operators' prepay customers, by shifting from normal payments to a cryptocurrency bought in a marketplace or earned by viewing ads. 
• Althea (link): Aiming to build a network of WiFi and other wireless networks, underpinned by cryptocurrency micropayments and incentives. Recently decided against an ICO, in favour of being "cryptocurrency neutral" - see blog here
• Ammbr [DISCLOSURE: I am an advisor], Ammbr, $AMR (link). Private investor funded, but tokens being listed on exchanges soon. Developing a hardware mesh networking system [Wi-Fi & other technologies], linked to blockchain-based micropayment and self-sovereign identity platform. Aiming first at locations with "unconnected" or poorly-connected communities, but with broader applicability.
• Birdchain, $BIRD (link): Pre-ICO. Developing a messaging app & platform for users to re-sell their SMS allocation for application-to-person messaging 
• Blocknum, $GIGA token (link) Token sale currently occuring. Looking at using the telephone network (PSTN), SIP signalling [used for VoIP] and phone numbers as a basis for a new blockchain for transactions.
• Bubbletone, Universal Mobile Token, $UMT (link). Currently doing pre-sale before ICO. Intending to be a marketplace for MNOs/MVNOs to publish data-plans or content services as smart contracts, with the plans/identities pushed down to users via multi-IMSI SIM cards, or as eSIM profiles. Aims to remove premiums for roaming. 
• Crypvisr, $CVN (link): ICO in 2017, listing on exchanges due soon. Encrypted messaging/communications platform, aimed at both consumers and enterprises.
• DENT Wireless Dent-coin, $DNT (link). Platform for mobile data plan & allowance purchase and sale. Aiming to remove roaming fees. Early app version is live.
• EncryptoTel, $ETT (link): Token-based enterprise "cloud PBX" communications system. 
• Mobilink, Mobi-Coins $MOBI (link). Upcoming ICO. Attempting to create an ad-funded mobile voice and data service, with a custom SIM card and network of MNO/MVNO relationships.  
• Mysterium, $MYST, (link) Decentralised VPN aiming to allow people to share unused network capacity, and use encryption to reduce the risk of intrusive data analytics of Internet usage by ISPs. It's a bit similar to Tor, but more flexible
• Qlink, $QLC (link): Token sale ongoing. Platform for sharing & micropayments for a variety of telco "assets", starting with WiFi access & then aiming for cellular data, SMS and content. Also planning own access points, including LTE-U unlicenced cellular.
• Rightmesh, $MESH (link): Upcoming ICO. Creating an incentivised device-to-device mesh (WiFi, Bluetooth etc). The company operating it (called Left.io) also offers another device-to-device communications/sharing app called Yo.
• Smartmesh, $SMT (link) Tokenised device-to-device mesh based on WiFi, Bluetooth LE etc., starting with smartphones connecting via an incentivised peer-to-peer mechanism.
• SMSChain, $SMSTO, (link): Creating a decentralised SMS gateway for application-to-person text messages. Incentivises users to donate their unused SMS quotas, via a mobile app. Cancelled proposed ICO (link) & may list tokens on exchanges at later date.
• Telcoin, $TEL, (link): Payment/money-transmission token intended to be distributed through existing mobile operators, and aggregators.
• Telegram, Grams: [Added as this emerged shortly after I published this - see link] The messenger app is considering a huge ICO and token sale, which could allow it to embrace payments and money-transfer, and perhaps other applications to become a cryptocurrency-enriched competitor to WeChat and FB Messenger.

What could possibly go wrong? A lot.

A lot of my work as an analyst and consultant involves "stress-testing" ideas and business-plans. Many concepts sound interesting, but face challenges of practicality - whether that's technical, commercial, legal or other. Reading through a lot of the tokens' documentation, or speaking to project teams, I see a lot of aspirations that are going to bang heads against reality.

Some problems can be fixed with time, or clever developers. Others are going to be intractable, and will need workarounds, or completely different strategies.

In this post, I'm not offering opinions or reviews of individual tokens, although I have private opinions on a number of them. A lot of what I read could be best described as "aspirational" - and in some cases, there are many layers of complexity or problems ahead, and I anticipate pivots and revised expectations, as practical issues come to light. Some that I've seen look completely naive or muddle-headed (or even, whisper it, fraudulent).

Some of the issues that could derail the various tokens' opportunity and prospects include:

• Most existing telecom plans (fixed and mobile) have terms and conditions that prohibit resale of "unused capacity" - and are likely to be updated with new token-proof T's & C's if risks are seen.
• Most MVNOs will also have a range of limitations in their contracts, from their host MNOs.
• Security - everything new comes with its own novel risks, even if the blockchain itself is secure. For instance, would you fancy having your 2FA password codes sent via SMS, that transits some random person's phone and app?
• Nobody likes paying for stuff (even micropayments) if it's also available for free via a different path. That means that there will be a lot of arbitrage - for example, it's hard to compete against free WiFi, or against the newer "roam like home" packages.
• Nobody likes paying for stuff in a "currency" that changes in value compared to normal money. I don't want to use some sort of converter to know how many pennies it'll cost for a phone call or Wi-Fi connection.
• There's all sorts of regulatory horribleness around telcos, at national, regional and global levels. Trying to assert "it's all decentralised, we don't need to follow the rules" won't work if it involves licensed spectrum, or messing with legal rules on registering network users' identities, lawful intercept etc.
• Running anything blockchain-related on a smartphone uses power & battery - especially if it needs to keep radio connections active as well. Power-management is always a challenge.
• Traditional telecom networks have complex operational and billing software. While some is too-inflexible and very expensive, most is a necessary evil to deal with performance management, customer service, creating innovative plans, deal with inter-party revenue-sharing and so on. In a decentralised world, how do you query charges, or call when something fails? How can you watch for problems emerging? (And who watches?)
• The hard part of getting data connections working is often "backhaul", linking a base station or WiFi access point to the main Internet, especially from remote areas. It's quite hard to tokenise digging up roads to install fibres.
• Slow deployment of eSIM-capable devices & back-end infrastructure, and willingness of carriers to offer remotely-provisioned "profiles" to third parties.
• Private cellular networks (even in unlicensed / shared spectrum) need core-network software and numerous other "moving parts". Deploying LTE-U isn't like buying a Wi-Fi access point from a store & setting it up.
• A lot of existing consumer Wi-Fi access points are provided by cable operators & broadband telcos, and integrated with a modem/router. Most people won't want to replace them, or daisy-chain a second device, or re-flash the hardware. Business Wi-Fi systems are usually locked-down by IT departments.
• Anything using a mobile app for control, mining, transaction or advertising is at the whim of Apple's AppStore rules, and to a lesser degree Google's. They also need to deal with updates to features in new versions of iOS and Android, which may break things, or compete with them.
• All of the various parallel schemes will need to inter-work with each other at some point, if they're successful.
• Adding extra latency because of extra network hops (or worse, payment negotiations) is going to be a lousy user-experience. 
• The Internet and telecoms are very bi-directional. Do packets (or SMSs or calls) in both directions get charged the same amounts?
• Advertising-funded mobile connectivity has been tried multiple times, and has multiple problems. In particular, you can't insert ads into most apps, and use of encryption/privacy tools like VPNs mean that cookies in mobile browsers may not work properly forever.

There's probably another 20-100 similar "gotchas" out there, applying to some or all of the token concepts. Part of my work is trying to predict these types of problem before they arise, and have an idea of how tractable they are, and what workaround might exist. If you're an innovator in this space, or an investor, and want someone to cast a critical eye over a project, get in touch. (information AT disruptive-analysis DOT com, or on LinkedIn)

Ironically one area that's almost certainly overestimated as a problem is anything to do with Net Neutrality, though. I've covered various examples of such nonsense in prior posts, such as this one (link).

It should be noted that many of these tokens are thinly-traded, or even unlisted on any major cryptocurrency exchanges. Some are pre-ICO / private-funding. Please note that I offer no recommendations on investing in anything, especially cryptocurrencies. Do your own research and use extreme caution if you're tempted. 


Summary

The tokenisation of telecoms and networks is evolving rapidly. It's genuinely fascinating, as are the potential uses of private/permissioned blockchains inside telcos. However, anyone expecting decentralisation to change the networking world in 2018 (or 2019) is going to be disappointed. 

There's lots of enthusiasm, but many roadblocks in the way. Many of the concepts are likely to prove unworkable - and while some projects may raise enough funds through ICOs or private investors to allow them to pivot, others will likely fail. If you're speculating in the short term, that might not matter. But be aware that harsh realities will come along with the new opportunities.

Please get in touch if you'd like to get deeper analysis, or if you're looking for advisory input as a project team or investor (although I'm not able to give investment recommendations).   

Blockchain for telecoms and networks: the emergence of ICOs & token-based platforms

There's a new trend I'm currently seeing emerge: ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) for network/Internet-related businesses and communities. These use blockchain-based "tokens" (or coins) as a way to build decentralised marketplaces, for Internet connectivity or other communications capabilities like phone calls. Most have visions for long-term disruption of existing models, although they tend to start from more humble niches.

ICOs both establish a "currency" for these future markets, and provide funding for organisations responsible for their creation and maintenance. At least five network-related ICOs have been announced already, and more seem likely to follow in due course. (Disclosure: I'm an advisor to one of these five - more details below).

Note: If you've found this post through a link from a mainstream ICO/Bitcoin site or link, a quick introduction: I'm primarily a mobile and telecoms analyst. I study and advise on technology and business-model trends relating to network evolution and communications applications. I cover areas like 5G, IoT-oriented networks, voice & video communications, regulatory policy, the future role of telecom operators, and the impact of "futures" innovations like AI / ML, blockchain and drones on telecoms. Most of my clients are telcos or network equipment/software vendors. I'm not a fintech or blockchain generalist.

Note 2: I am also not an investment advisor of any sort. I'm not making recommendations here.

I've been covering the role of blockchains and distributed ledgers in telecoms and networks for well over a year now. I've spoken at events run by TMForum, IIT, Comptel and others about the telecom-sector use-cases (and complexities), and ran a recent public workshop in London alongside Caroline Gabriel (link). I recently participated in a webinar for Juniper Networks (link) and have a forthcoming white-paper in preparation for Juniper as well.

My general stance is "pragmatic optimism": Blockchain technology has many possible touch-points with the telecoms industry, from data-integrity management to back-office systems to billing - but maturity will take time. Some of the utopian "it'll change the world" and "telcos are obsolete" rhetoric is overblown. Distributed ledgers will have many uses and opportunities in telecoms/networking - but are unlikely to overturn or radically-disrupt industry structures, at least on a 5-10 year view.

Most of the uses I've seen discussed until recently have been around private (permissioned) blockchains, intended to improve processes and security within or between telcos and their suppliers. Another set have been around new services/capabilities to be delivered by telcos - for example, using smart contracts to enforce SLAs (service-level agreements), or for identity-management in IoT networks.

The ICO trend is different - this is about public blockchain-based functions that anyone can participate in - hence the "offering". The idea is to create common, distributed, dynamic ways of storing (and pricing) network-related value - especially for Internet access, but also voice communications and potentially other capabilities. 

Actually, telecoms is lagging here: there's been a much broader rush towards ICOs across many sectors over the past year. This website (link) lists hundreds, while this article from the Economist is a useful intro (link). It should also be acknowledged that they have attracted not-always-favourable attention from financial regulators, as there is limited official oversight and most are launched as "crowdsales" on the back of a white paper and some PR, rather than a regulated prospectus and well-monitored issuance on a specific stock exchange. There are some questionable-quality ICOs and a few dubious individuals involved, it seems. Nevertheless, they are a popular way for blockchain-based initiatives to get funding and early traction - and some will undoubtedly becomes stars, even if others flame-out like supernovae.

In a way, a system for exchanging telecoms capacity or data quotas already exists - it's possible to send prepay account "top-ups" between people or companies today, although those are usually in monetary form (ie PAYG credit), rather than being denominated in minutes or MB. That is unsurprising, given the diversity of different pricing models and network operators - it would be hard for me to gift a GB of data to a friend on a different network, but I can send them a £5 / $5 / €5 credit and let them buy the data themselves. There are also other ways to share network capacity, such as FON's WiFi community.

The various ICOs are attempting to "tokenise" aspects of networks and communications, allowing different models of monetisation, with pricing driven by an external market rather than telcos' / ISPs' internal marketing functions. Some link to an existing cryptocurrency and blockchain like Ethereum, while others are trying to create something new.

The ones I've discovered that are clearly related to telecoms/networks include:

• DENT Wireless (The website is here & white paper is here): This aims to act as a clearinghouse for mobile data quotas / allocations, between users, between MNOs, or for roaming "local breakout" via visited networks, using its tokens as a common currency. Its ICO, based on Ethereum, was in July. It is aiming to build up enough members as a "buying consortium" to exert pressure on operators to cooperate. It's got some interesting execs and advisors, notably including Rainer Deutschmann who has been instrumental in getting Reliance Jio off the ground in India. One of the use-cases is "donating GB of data to Africa" as a way to improve Internet access in emerging markets. One interesting angle is a tie-up with sponsored-data software company Aquto, which works with AT&T and others. My longterm doubts about the general sponsored-data model continue (the concept of "1-800 apps" is palpable nonsense), but this could be a possible workable use-case. The key differentiator appears to be its willingness (& knowledge) of partnering with operators rather than trying to displace them. Given the wide variations of mobile data pricing (& conditions) by operator, country and tariff - especially postpaid vs prepaid - I'm not sure there's an easy common denominator, though. The inbound roaming scenario may be very tough as well, especially as it may need users to manually select networks, which they may be locked-out from doing on subsidised/customised handsets.
• AirFox (The website is here & the white paper is here): This platform attempts to draw a link between mobile prepay credits, advertising, user-data and potentially micro-loans in future. It extends the current model of gifting or sending "recharges" to many international mobile operators' prepay customers, by shifting from normal payments to a cryptocurrency bought in a marketplace or earned by viewing ads. The model of "watch these ads and get free calls/credit/data" is not a new one (eg Blyk in the UK between 2007-09), but this is the first decentralised and tokenised one I've seen, linked to a global recharge network. It relies on a customised browser and also a dedicated ad-viewer/recharge app. The browser blocks native ads and replaces them with its own (and can also fingerprint the user by looking at other apps installed). Users can thus earn Ethereum-based "AirTokens" or alternatively they can buy them at market rate, to exchange for prepay credit / recharges. It's not obvious to me how AirFox proposes to "bulk buy" data from operators without wholesale/MVNO deals - in most cases I suspect it'll have to use the usual recharge channels. Its aspiration to "replace the current mobile ecosystem (applications, sites, advertisers, data purchases) with a more efficient new decentralized AirFox mobile ecosystem" seems unrealistic given that most mobile users prefer native apps (or web-pages rendered in apps). Nevertheless, the existing model of sending real ("fiat") money or top-ups seems to work, so there's a basis for an ad-supported model, although its existing stats imply a revenue of 1/17th of a US cent per ad. The ICO / crowdsale launches on August 29th.
• Ammbr (The website is here & the white paper is here): [Note - I am an advisor - see below]. This is an attempt to blend custom mesh-network silicon and hardware units, with a blockchain and token-based model for identity and a marketplace. While AirFox and DENT focus on sharing credits/quotas for normal personal mobile access, Ammbr wants to share the access network itself, and ultimately encourage build-out of extra coverage and capacity. Its network units (initially WiFi but with other radios in future) support decentralised micropayments, allowing the node owners to earn tokens and essentially act as their own local ISPs with very little friction or setup cost. While these will obviously need backhaul from normal telcos (fixed and/or mobile), once sufficient density is reached, meshes may reduce the total number of wide-area connections needed. An initial use-case is likely to be in developing countries, where micro-loans and other local (and often informal) sharing-model businesses have grown. The hardware-based model is obviously ambitious, but also means future potential to support multiple radios (imagine a CBRS-type shared spectrum or LPWAN module), and could also potentially host distributed edge-computing or NFV capabilities. There are both opportunities and various complexities and possible pitfalls I can imagine, plus there are alternative options for community/rural connectivity (I'm writing a piece on Facebook's Telco Infra Project & OpenCellular for my STL Partners research stream at present [link]). One aspect that's interesting, but which I'm not able to comment on authoritatively, is the unique blockchain model, based on Proof of Elapsed Time / Velocity, which differs from Bitcoin & Ethereum's Proof of Work. In Ammbr is it linked to a custom silicon processor, with claims of much better power consumption than other approaches. The ICO is upcoming in September.
• EncryptoTel: (Web page is here and white paper is here. This is very different from the other network-type ICOs, as it's more about (business) voice communications than data access. It is a version of an enterprise cloud PBX / UCaaS platform, with encryption, privacy protections and (anonymous) cryptocurrency payments. It allows both on-net VoIP calls (using standard SIP endpoints or dialler apps) and integration with the public phone network, as well as (in future) interconnecting with various messaging applications. It will offer both monthly subscriptions and a pay-as-you-go model. The white paper references video calls, but it does not appear to offer full-fledged UC functions. The roadmap describes a progressive roadmap of development and deployment, with full commercial launch expected in Summer 2018. The ICO occurred in May 2017.
• Mysterium (Web page is here and white paper is here) is a distributed VPN and data-encryption platform - essentially a higher-performing, blockchain-based version of Tor. It uses an Ethereum-based token system of micropayments. In its earliest phases it retains some central control, with the intention of removing this further down the roadmap. It will compete with commercial VPN products. Its ICO started at the end of May 2017.

[Note: some white papers get updated, so the URL might change with the version number - check the main websites for the latest versions] 

There are also various other ICOs relating to cloud-computing, storage and other related areas, such as Filecoin and Internxt. Another company called Crypviser (link) is developing a secure messaging app and also references secure voice calls in its white paper, although with few details.

So - will any of these, or future, ICOs lead to commercial, scalable networking or communications platforms? It's too early to tell. While the white papers typically given enough "vision" and a tentative roadmap, it's likely that most or all of these projects will encounter challenges and pitfalls, and may end up pivoting as events unfold (and customers'/users' behaviour develops).

One of the risks is that tokenisation itself may limit the possible business and pricing models - for example, how can any of them offer hybrid centralised/decentralised services, if that's what the market seems to want? Can they support sponsored/free models, or allow more granular differentiation? What happens if they contravene other services' T's & C's? How is customer support provided for decentralised capabilities? It is also unlikely that any such proprietary mechanisms or payment instruments will become globally dominant, so there will need to be paths to standardisation - as well as deal with the beady eyes of regulators if they become successful.

Nevertheless, this is an interestingly different direction-of-travel for telecoms/network blockchain, as it sits separately to the main thrust of work around private/permissioned use-cases I'm seeing from some vendors, various operators, bodies like TMForum etc. I still think that some of the back-office applications for blockchain in the telecoms sector have more short-to-medium term opportunity, but it's possible we could see a break-out here by a new entrant of the type discussed in this post. I'll definitely be keeping a watching eye on all of these. 

Please drop me a message at information AT disruptive-analysis DOT com if you want to discuss this more, or want a telecom/blockchain speaker or analyst for an event or workshop.


Footnote on Ammbr: Close contacts may have noticed I recently added an advisory role to my LinkedIn profile, for an organisation called Ammbr, mentioned above. At present, I'm just working on a consultative basis, but unlike most of my other advisory clients, it's not purely "behind the scenes" with execs in private under-NDA workshops, but has a public aspect to it as well. It's got a genuinely interesting combination of technologies (mesh, blockchain, custom silicon, potentially private cellular etc), some talented people, and while that means a lot of moving parts to fit together, there are some intriguing possibilities I'm glad to be able to help refine and prioritise.

Internally, my role is as a telecoms-sector expert and (to nobody's surprise) a general curmudgeon pointing out any risks, technical or commercial "gotchas", competition/substitution threats and anything that seems like wishful thinking. I should point out that this is a small part of my overall activities, I'm not "endorsing" it as such, and my normal Disruptive Analysis work on all areas of analysis & futurism is continuing. It's also not going to bias my views on other wireless technologies or business models, many of which are more-developed and which I'm also enthused about (eg private cellular). Drop me a message if you want to discuss this further (or want to discuss other consulting or advisory roles).